We often define ourselves as "techies" or "humanities". This fictitious barrier makes us give up in front of a huge number of opportunities that come our way. However, there are those who achieve success in various fields of knowledge and prove by their own example that human possibilities are endless.
Who is the "universal man"? And can a common person be both a chemist and a composer, or an artist and an inventor?
In antiquity and the Middle Ages, scientists often worked in various scientific and artistic directions. The most striking example of the "universal man" of that time is Leonardo da Vinci. It brought together an artist, naturalist, anatomist, inventor, writer and musician. As an artist, he made new technology, which was close to realism. You also know the Mona Lisa, the most famous of all existing paintings. Many scientists believe that Leonardo before Vinci could have been a sculptor. The only extant work, in their opinion, is a terracotta head.
Leonardo considered himself more of a scientist than an artist. He developed machines with which a person could fly, proposed the first prototype of a telescope with two lenses. He is also credited with such inventions as a parachute, a searchlight, a bicycle, a tank, a catapult, etc.
Leonardo da Vinci's notes and notes on anatomy were three centuries ahead of their time, but he did not publish his work.
Among Russian scientists, Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov can be considered a prominent representative of the “universal man”. Astronomer, instrument maker, geographer, metallurgist, geologist, poet, philologist, artist, historian and genealogist.
For the entire scientific community, his molecular-kinetic theory of heat was a breakthrough in understanding the structure of matter. He created new optical instruments, a vertical aircraft, developed a method for coloring glass, etc.
Among his literary works, the most famous are the Odes, translations of Anacreon and Horace.
The next “universal man” with a difficult fate is Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin. Being illegitimate, he was forced to study at home, and in order to get higher education, his parents went to fraud with documents. Russian composer, chemist and physician. Author of more than 40 papers in chemistry. At the same time, he is considered the founder of the classical genres of symphony and quartet in Russia.
Activities of A.P. Borodin is best reflected by quotes about him: “Mr. Borodin, do less romances, I place all my hopes on you” (N. N. Zinin, an organic chemist for whom Borodin worked); “Take up the music already” (N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer, member of the Mighty Handful, like Borodin)
A popular actress of her time, Heddy Lammar, is also known for inventing a system that allows you to remotely control torpedoes. If earlier a pseudo-random code was used to encrypt information over one channel, then Heddy Lammar and George Antheil began to use a secret key to quickly change information transmission channels. Today, we also encounter this technology every day, using Cell Phones or WiFi.
What do rock music and astrophysics have in common? This is Brian May. Rock musician, Queen guitarist, composer, astrophysicist. He collaborated with a team of NASA New Horizon mission scientists involved in the study of Pluto and its moon Charon.
Leonardo da Vinci, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin, Heddy Lammar, Brian May and these are not all “universal people”. They are not limited to one area of knowledge, they develop in several directions. By their successes, they show us that development and the desire to work bring results.
Babarina Tatyana, especially for the editors "
The more time separates us from the life of great people such as Plato, Pericles, Pythagoras, the more significant and higher the images of these titans of spirit and thought appear before us. Among them, no doubt, is great artist, a brilliant scientist, the greatest humanist of his era, Leonardo da Vinci.
His contemporaries called him the "universal man". Even then it was clear that everything he did in the spiritual and public life era is unique and unusual. This man combined many talents and amazing talents. He was not only a great artist, a great mathematician, mechanic and engineer, to whom the most diverse branches of science are indebted for discoveries. He was also an equally outstanding astronomer and cosmographer, geologist and botanist, anatomist and linguist, lexicographer and poet, novelist and realist writer, a far-sighted thinker who introduced humanistic criteria into everything that made up the space of his work.
It would be a hopeless task to try in a few words to summarize everything that glorified the name of this unsurpassed creator of his era, made him eternally alive in the eyes of posterity. Let us single out only the main thing, in our opinion, that formed the basis of his world fame - science and art. In the eyes of the artist, science and art were only different sides of a single creative process. One helped the other: art could not reach perfection without science, the breath of art had to be present in science.
And today, the work of Leonardo da Vinci is for us that as yet unattainable model, where the qualities of a scientist-creator and an artist-thinker have merged. The thought of a scientist, combined with the highest spiritual potential of the individual, gave rise to brilliant ideas, created invaluable works of art made unexpected and brilliant discoveries.
George Vasari, the first art historian in the true sense of the word, was not afraid to call Leonardo da Vinci "heavenly" and "divine". Today, after more than five hundred years, we can with even greater reason join his words. Since it is today that the realization of that truly planetary significance, which all great personalities personify, comes to us. Only today we are beginning to understand that all outstanding people, all great talents are focal points of higher energies, in which the driving force of evolution is concentrated. It is they who create the glory and vitality of their countries. It is through them and by them that evolutionary shifts in the life of the planet are realized.
Centuries pass, one era replaces another, crowned persons occupy thrones and leave them ... But they do not remain in the memory of mankind, but those who, by the power of art, the power of their genius, the greatness of their spirit, create true history. Leonardo da Vinci undoubtedly belongs to these great architects of the planet.
The history lists the diverse, amazing works of Leonardo da Vinci in all areas of life. He left amazing mathematical records, explored the nature of aeronautics, plunged into medical considerations. He invented musical instruments, studied the chemistry of paints, loved the wonders of natural history. He decorated the cities with magnificent buildings, palaces, schools, book depositories; built extensive barracks for troops; dug a harbor, the best on the entire western coast of the Adriatic Sea, and built great canals; laid mighty fortresses; built combat vehicles; painted military pictures ... Great variety!
But after everything remarkable, Leonardo remained an artist in the world view, a great artist. Isn't this a victory of creativity?!
Last year, the magazine, in the first issue of which readers were greeted A. Einstein, turned 85 years.
The small staff of the Editorial Board continues to publish IR, whose readers you are honored to be. Although it becomes more and more difficult to do this every year. For a long time, at the beginning of the new century, the editors had to leave their native place of residence on Myasnitskaya Street. (Well, actually, this is a place for banks, not for some body of inventors). Helped us though Y. Maslyukov(at that time the chairman of the Committee of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation for Industry) to move to NIIAA near the Kaluzhskaya metro station. Despite the fact that the Editorial Board complied with the terms of the contract and paid the rent on time, and the inspiring proclamation of the course for innovation by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, the new director at NIIAA informed us about the eviction of the Editorial Office "due to operational necessity." This is despite the reduction in the number of employees at NIIAA by almost 8 times and the corresponding release of space, and despite the fact that the area occupied by the editorial office did not amount to one hundredth of a percent of the boundless areas of NIIAA.
We were sheltered by MIREA, where we have been located for the last five years. Move twice to burn once, says the proverb. But the editors hold out and will hold out as long as they can. And can it exist as long as the magazine "Inventor and innovator" read and write.
Trying to cover more interested people with information, we have updated the magazine's website, making it, in our opinion, more informative. We are engaged in the digitization of publications of past years, starting from 1929 year - the time the journal was founded. We are releasing an electronic version. But the main thing is the paper edition IR.
Unfortunately, the number of subscribers, the only financial basis for existence IR, and organizations and individuals is decreasing. And my numerous letters of support for the magazine to government leaders of various ranks (both presidents of the Russian Federation, prime ministers, both Moscow mayors, both governors of the Moscow region, the governor of his native Kuban, heads of major Russian companies) did not give any result.
In connection with the foregoing, the Editorial Board asks you, our readers: support the magazine, of course, if possible. A receipt by which you can transfer money for statutory activities, that is, the publication of a magazine, is published below.
Ticket number 24 (2)
Many eminent scientists valued art and admitted that without music, painting, literary creativity they would not have made their discoveries in science. Perhaps it is the emotional upsurge in artistic activity prepared and pushed them to a creative breakthrough in science.
In order to discover the laws of proportion of the golden section for both science and art, the ancient Greek scientists had to be artists in their souls. And indeed it is. Pythagoras was interested in musical proportions and ratios. Moreover, music was the basis of the entire Pythagorean doctrine of number. It is known that A. Einstein, in the twentieth century. who overturned many established scientific ideas, music helped in his work. Playing the violin gave him as much pleasure as work.
Many discoveries of scientists have rendered an invaluable service to art.
19th century French physicist Pierre Curie did research on the symmetry of crystals. He discovered something interesting and important for science and spoils the development of the subject, while complete symmetry stabilizes its appearance and condition. This phenomenon has been called dissymmetry (not symmetry). Curie's law says: dissymmetry creates a phenomenon.
In the middle of the twentieth century. in science, the concept of “antisymmetry” also appeared, that is, against (opposite) symmetry. If the generally accepted concept of “asymmetry” for both science and art means “not quite exact symmetry”, then antisymmetry is a certain property and its negation, i.e. opposition. In life and in art, these are eternal opposites: good - evil, life - death, left - right, up - down, etc.
“They forgot that science developed from poetry: they did not take into account the consideration that in the course of time both can perfectly meet again on a higher level for mutual benefit.” I.-V. Goethe
Today this prophecy is coming true. The synthesis of scientific and artistic knowledge leads to the emergence of new sciences (synergetics, fractal geometry, etc.), forms a new artistic language art.
The Dutch artist and geometer Maurits Escher (1898-1972) built his decorative works on the basis of antisymmetry. He, just like Bach in music, was a very strong mathematician in graphics. The image of the city in the engraving "Day and Night" is mirror-symmetrical, but on the left side it is day, on the right - night. The images of white birds flying into the night form the silhouettes of black birds rushing into the day. It is especially interesting to observe how figures gradually appear from the irregular asymmetrical forms of the background.
Find in the reference literature the concepts of "synergetics", "fractal", "fractal geometry". Consider how these new sciences relate to art.
Remember the phenomenon of color music, familiar to you, which became widespread thanks to the work of the composer of the 20th century. A. N. Scriabin.
How do you understand the meaning of A. Einstein's statement: "The true value is, in essence, only intuition."
name literary works with antisymmetric names (example "The Prince and the Pauper"). Remember folk tales, the plot of which was based on antisymmetric events.
Artistic and creative task
Listen to samples of classical, electronic and popular music on your computer by turning on the visualization feature. Choose an image that is in tune with the music: dance of bizarre circles, space flight, appeasement, flash, etc.
Under the influence of the discoveries of radioactivity and ultraviolet rays in science, the Russian artist Mikhail Fedorovich Larionov (1881 - 1964) in 1912 founded one of the first abstract movements in Russia - Rayonism. He believed that it was necessary to depict not the objects themselves, but the energy flows coming from them, presented in the form of rays.
The study of the problems of optical perception prompted the French painter Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) at the beginning of the 20th century. on the idea of the formation of characteristic circular surfaces and planes, which, creating a multi-colored storm, dynamically took possession of the space of the picture. The abstract color rhythm aroused the emotions of the audience. The interpenetration of the main colors of the spectrum and the intersection of curved surfaces in the works of Delaunay create dynamics and truly musical development rhythm. One of his first works was a colored disc, shaped like a target, but the color transitions of its neighboring elements have additional colors, which gives the disc an extraordinary energy.
Russian artist Pavel Nikolayevich Filonov (1882-1941) completed in the 20s. 20th century graphic composition - one of the "formulas of the Universe". In it, he predicted the movement of subatomic particles, with the help of which modern physicists are trying to find a formula for the universe.
Look at the most famous engravings by M. Escher "Day and Night", "Sun and Moon". What emotional states do they convey? Explain why. Give an interpretation of the plot of the engravings.
Listen to a fragment of A. Scriabin's symphonic poem "Prometheus". Draw a color score for this piece.
Artistic and creative tasks
Sketch a coat of arms, trademark or emblem (pencil, pen, ink; collage or appliqué; computer graphics) using different types symmetry.
Imagine some object or phenomenon in the form of energy flows emanating from it, as did the ray artists. Perform a composition in any technique. Choose the music associated with this composition.
Complete decorative work, using antisymmetry as the principle of obtaining an image (similar to M. Escher's engravings).
By literary creativity they would not have made their discoveries in science. Perhaps it was the emotional upsurge in artistic activity that prepared and pushed them to a creative breakthrough in science.
In order to discover the laws of proportion of the golden section for both science and art, the ancient Greek scientists had to be artists in their souls. And indeed it is. Pythagoras was interested in musical proportions and ratios. Moreover, music was the basis of the entire Pythagorean doctrine of number. It is known that A. Einstein, in the twentieth century. who overturned many established scientific ideas, music helped in his work. Playing the violin gave him as much pleasure as work.
Many discoveries of scientists have rendered an invaluable service to art.
19th century French physicist Pierre Curie did research on the symmetry of crystals. He discovered something interesting and important for science and art: a partial absence of symmetry gives rise to the development of an object, while complete symmetry stabilizes its appearance and state. This phenomenon has been called dissymmetry (not symmetry). Curie's law says: dissymmetry creates a phenomenon.
In the middle of the twentieth century. in science, the concept of “antisymmetry” also appeared, that is, against (opposite) symmetry. If the generally accepted concept of “asymmetry” for both science and art means “not quite exact symmetry”, then antisymmetry is a certain property and its negation, i.e. opposition. In life and in art, these are eternal opposites: good - evil, life - death, left - right, up - down, etc.
“They forgot that science developed from poetry: they did not take into account the consideration that in the course of time both can perfectly meet again on a higher level for mutual benefit.” I.-V. Goethe
Today this prophecy is coming true. The synthesis of scientific and artistic knowledge leads to the emergence of new sciences (synergetics, fractal geometry, etc.), forms a new artistic language of art.
The Dutch artist and geometer Maurits Escher (1898-1972) built his decorative works on the basis of antisymmetry. He, just like Bach in music, was a very strong mathematician in graphics. The image of the city in the engraving "Day and Night" is mirror-symmetrical, but on the left side it is day, on the right - night. The images of white birds flying into the night form the silhouettes of black birds rushing into the day. It is especially interesting to observe how figures gradually appear from the irregular asymmetrical forms of the background.
Find in the reference literature the concepts of "synergetics", "fractal", "fractal geometry". Consider how these new sciences relate to art.
Remember the phenomenon of color music, familiar to you, which became widespread thanks to the work of the composer of the 20th century. A. N. Scriabin.
How do you understand the meaning of A. Einstein's statement: "The true value is, in essence, only intuition."
Name literary works with antisymmetrical titles (example "The Prince and the Pauper"). Remember the folk tales, the plot of which was based on anti-symmetrical events.
Artistic and creative task
Listen to samples of classical, electronic and popular music on your computer by turning on the visualization feature. Choose an image that is in tune with the music: dance of bizarre circles, space flight, appeasement, flash, etc.
Under the influence of the discoveries of radioactivity and ultraviolet rays in science, the Russian artist Mikhail Fedorovich Larionov (1881-1964) in 1912 founded one of the first abstract movements in Russia - rayonism. He believed that it was necessary to depict not the objects themselves, but the energy flows coming from them, presented in the form of rays.
The study of the problems of optical perception prompted the French painter Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) at the beginning of the 20th century. on the idea of the formation of characteristic circular surfaces and planes, which, creating a multi-colored storm, dynamically took possession of the space of the picture. The abstract color rhythm aroused the emotions of the audience. The interpenetration of the main colors of the spectrum and the intersection of curved surfaces in Delaunay's works create dynamics and a truly musical development of rhythm.
One of his first works was a colored disc, shaped like a target, but the color transitions of its neighboring elements have additional colors, which gives the disc an extraordinary energy.
Russian artist Pavel Nikolayevich Filonov (1882-1941) completed in the 20s. 20th century graphic composition - one of the "formulas of the Universe". In it, he predicted the movement of subatomic particles, with the help of which modern physicists are trying to find
formula of the universe.
Look at the most famous engravings by M. Escher "Day and Night", "Sun and Moon". What emotional states do they convey? Explain why. Give an interpretation of the plot of the engravings.
Listen to a fragment of A. Scriabin's symphonic poem "Prometheus". Draw a color score for this piece.
Artistic and creative tasks
> Sketch a coat of arms, trademark or emblem (pencil, pen, ink;collage orapplique ;
computer graphics ) using different types of symmetry.
> Imagine any object or phenomenon in the form of energy flows emanating from it, as did the radiant artists. Perform a composition in any technique. Choose the music associated with this composition.
> Perform decorative work using antisymmetry as the principle of obtaining an image (similar to M. Escher's engravings).